Source code for yellowbrick.text.freqdist

# yellowbrick.text.freqdist
# Implementations of frequency distributions for text visualization.
#
# Author:   Rebecca Bilbro
# Created:  Mon Feb 20 12:38:20 2017 -0500
#
# Copyright (C) 2017 The scikit-yb developers
# For license information, see LICENSE.txt
#
# ID: freqdist.py [67b2740] rebecca.bilbro@bytecubed.com $

"""
Implementations of frequency distributions for text visualization
"""

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## Imports
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import numpy as np

from operator import itemgetter

from yellowbrick.text.base import TextVisualizer
from yellowbrick.exceptions import YellowbrickValueError


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## Quick Method
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[docs]def freqdist( features, X, y=None, ax=None, n=50, orient="h", color=None, show=True, **kwargs ): """Displays frequency distribution plot for text. This helper function is a quick wrapper to utilize the FreqDist Visualizer (Transformer) for one-off analysis. Parameters ---------- features : list, default: None The list of feature names from the vectorizer, ordered by index. E.g. a lexicon that specifies the unique vocabulary of the corpus. This can be typically fetched using the ``get_feature_names()`` method of the transformer in Scikit-Learn. X: ndarray or DataFrame of shape n x m A matrix of n instances with m features. In the case of text, X is a list of list of already preprocessed words y: ndarray or Series of length n An array or series of target or class values ax : matplotlib axes, default: None The axes to plot the figure on. n: integer, default: 50 Top N tokens to be plotted. orient : 'h' or 'v', default: 'h' Specifies a horizontal or vertical bar chart. color : string Specify color for bars show: bool, default: True If True, calls ``show()``, which in turn calls ``plt.show()`` however you cannot call ``plt.savefig`` from this signature, nor ``clear_figure``. If False, simply calls ``finalize()`` kwargs: dict Keyword arguments passed to the super class. Returns ------- visualizer: FreqDistVisualizer Returns the fitted, finalized visualizer """ # Instantiate the visualizer viz = FreqDistVisualizer(features, ax=ax, n=n, orient=orient, color=color, **kwargs) # Fit and transform the visualizer (calls draw) viz.fit(X, y, **kwargs) viz.transform(X) # Draw the final visualization if show: viz.show() else: viz.finalize() # Return the visualizer object return viz
[docs]class FrequencyVisualizer(TextVisualizer): """ A frequency distribution tells us the frequency of each vocabulary item in the text. In general, it could count any kind of observable event. It is a distribution because it tells us how the total number of word tokens in the text are distributed across the vocabulary items. Parameters ---------- features : list, default: None The list of feature names from the vectorizer, ordered by index. E.g. a lexicon that specifies the unique vocabulary of the corpus. This can be typically fetched using the ``get_feature_names()`` method of the transformer in Scikit-Learn. ax : matplotlib axes, default: None The axes to plot the figure on. n: integer, default: 50 Top N tokens to be plotted. orient : 'h' or 'v', default: 'h' Specifies a horizontal or vertical bar chart. color : string Specify color for bars kwargs : dict Pass any additional keyword arguments to the super class. These parameters can be influenced later on in the visualization process, but can and should be set as early as possible. """ def __init__(self, features, ax=None, n=50, orient="h", color=None, **kwargs): super(FreqDistVisualizer, self).__init__(ax=ax, **kwargs) # Check that the orient is correct orient = orient.lower().strip() if orient not in {"h", "v"}: raise YellowbrickValueError("Orientation must be 'h' or 'v'") # Visualizer parameters self.N = n self.features = features # Visual arguments self.color = color self.orient = orient
[docs] def count(self, X): """ Called from the fit method, this method gets all the words from the corpus and their corresponding frequency counts. Parameters ---------- X : ndarray or masked ndarray Pass in the matrix of vectorized documents, can be masked in order to sum the word frequencies for only a subset of documents. Returns ------- counts : array A vector containing the counts of all words in X (columns) """ # Sum on axis 0 (by columns), each column is a word # Convert the matrix to an array # Squeeze to remove the 1 dimension objects (like ravel) return np.squeeze(np.asarray(X.sum(axis=0)))
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None): """ The fit method is the primary drawing input for the frequency distribution visualization. It requires vectorized lists of documents and a list of features, which are the actual words from the original corpus (needed to label the x-axis ticks). Parameters ---------- X : ndarray or DataFrame of shape n x m A matrix of n instances with m features representing the corpus of frequency vectorized documents. y : ndarray or DataFrame of shape n Labels for the documents for conditional frequency distribution. Notes ----- .. note:: Text documents must be vectorized before ``fit()``. """ # Compute the conditional word frequency if y is not None: # Fit the frequencies self.conditional_freqdist_ = {} # Conditional frequency distribution self.classes_ = [str(label) for label in set(y)] for label in self.classes_: self.conditional_freqdist_[label] = self.count(X[y == label]) else: # No conditional frequencies self.conditional_freqdist_ = None # Frequency distribution of entire corpus. self.freqdist_ = self.count(X) self.sorted_ = self.freqdist_.argsort()[::-1] # Descending order # Compute the number of words, vocab, and hapaxes self.vocab_ = self.freqdist_.shape[0] self.words_ = self.freqdist_.sum() self.hapaxes_ = sum(1 for c in self.freqdist_ if c == 1) # Draw and ensure that we return self self.draw() return self
[docs] def draw(self, **kwargs): """ Called from the fit method, this method creates the canvas and draws the distribution plot on it. Parameters ---------- kwargs: generic keyword arguments. """ # Prepare the data bins = np.arange(self.N) words = [self.features[i] for i in self.sorted_[: self.N]] freqs = {} # Set up the bar plots if self.conditional_freqdist_: for label, values in sorted( self.conditional_freqdist_.items(), key=itemgetter(0) ): freqs[label] = [values[i] for i in self.sorted_[: self.N]] else: freqs["corpus"] = [self.freqdist_[i] for i in self.sorted_[: self.N]] # Draw a horizontal barplot if self.orient == "h": # Add the barchart, stacking if necessary for label, freq in freqs.items(): self.ax.barh(bins, freq, label=label, color=self.color, align="center") # Set the y ticks to the words self.ax.set_yticks(bins) self.ax.set_yticklabels(words) # Order the features from top to bottom on the y axis self.ax.invert_yaxis() # Turn off y grid lines and turn on x grid lines self.ax.yaxis.grid(False) self.ax.xaxis.grid(True) # Draw a vertical barplot elif self.orient == "v": # Add the barchart, stacking if necessary for label, freq in freqs.items(): self.ax.bar(bins, freq, label=label, color=self.color, align="edge") # Set the y ticks to the words self.ax.set_xticks(bins) self.ax.set_xticklabels(words, rotation=90) # Turn off x grid lines and turn on y grid lines self.ax.yaxis.grid(True) self.ax.xaxis.grid(False) # Unknown state else: raise YellowbrickValueError("Orientation must be 'h' or 'v'") return self.ax
[docs] def finalize(self, **kwargs): """ The finalize method executes any subclass-specific axes finalization steps. The user calls show & show calls finalize. Parameters ---------- kwargs: generic keyword arguments. """ # Set the title self.set_title("Frequency Distribution of Top {} tokens".format(self.N)) # Create the vocab, count, and hapaxes labels infolabel = "vocab: {:,}\nwords: {:,}\nhapax: {:,}".format( self.vocab_, self.words_, self.hapaxes_ ) self.ax.text( 0.68, 0.97, infolabel, transform=self.ax.transAxes, fontsize=9, verticalalignment="top", bbox={"boxstyle": "round", "facecolor": "white", "alpha": 0.8}, ) # Set the legend and the grid self.ax.legend(loc="upper right", frameon=True)
# Backwards compatibility alias FreqDistVisualizer = FrequencyVisualizer